// API callback
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Matrix"},{"term":"Microcontroller"},{"term":"2*2*2 LED Cube"},{"term":"555"},{"term":"Analog Electronics"},{"term":"SIM900-TTL GSM MODEM"},{"term":"TTL"},{"term":"74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017"},{"term":"Astable Multivibrator"},{"term":"GATE"},{"term":"LOGIC GATE"},{"term":"Voltage Regulator"},{"term":"SIM900"},{"term":"NAND"},{"term":"Xbee"},{"term":"transistor"},{"term":"4*4 Button Pad"},{"term":"7805"},{"term":"BC 547"},{"term":"Flip Flop"},{"term":"IC REVIEW"},{"term":"Light Depending Resistor"},{"term":"Pull Down Resistor"},{"term":"7400"},{"term":"7473"},{"term":"78xx"},{"term":"Animation Tutorial"},{"term":"DC Motor"},{"term":"J K Flip Flop"},{"term":"Johnson Counter"},{"term":"L293D"},{"term":"Motor Driver"},{"term":"Zig-Bee"},{"term":"uln2803"},{"term":"5V Voltage Regulator"},{"term":"7407"},{"term":"CD4543B"},{"term":"CMOS"},{"term":"GSM"},{"term":"GSM Modem"},{"term":"JavaScript"},{"term":"JavaScript 2D Array"},{"term":"L293"},{"term":"L293DNE"},{"term":"Music 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GLCD"},{"term":"JavaScript 1D Array"},{"term":"Keypad Interfacing"},{"term":"LDR"},{"term":"MT8870D"},{"term":"Maths"},{"term":"PhotoFilmStrip"},{"term":"Potentiometer"},{"term":"Robots"},{"term":"Running LED Circuit"},{"term":"S R Flip Flop"},{"term":"S R Latch"},{"term":"SN754410"},{"term":"Slow Motion"},{"term":"Switch Matrix"},{"term":"UM3561"},{"term":"Variable Voltage Regulator"},{"term":"Videos"},{"term":"ambulance siren"},{"term":"blogger"},{"term":"fire engine siren"},{"term":"machine gun sound"},{"term":"open drain"},{"term":"police siren"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Funny Electronics"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":""},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/-\/Analog+Electronics?alt=json-in-script\u0026max-results=8"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/search\/label\/Analog%20Electronics"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"},{"rel":"next","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/-\/Analog+Electronics\/-\/Analog+Electronics?alt=json-in-script\u0026start-index=9\u0026max-results=8"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"13"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"8"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-1214279159503077073"},"published":{"$t":"2014-10-23T05:51:00.002-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:04:24.650-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Digital Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Video of Working of 74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017, Johnson Counter IC"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-presentation-of-working-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt; \u0026nbsp;Previous : Reduce the Number of Decoded Outputs of 74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; We had already seen the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-presentation-of-working-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ecircuit for controlling 74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017 using Switches\u003C\/a\u003E. Here, we will see the video demonstration of the same.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/L0Ci5Jlh22A?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0' \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Agl1dS79oz8\/VEj2it--z7I\/AAAAAAAAbX8\/SdijVWmtHtU\/s1600\/Screenshot%2Bfrom%2B2014-10-23%2B18%3A06%3A19.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Agl1dS79oz8\/VEj2it--z7I\/AAAAAAAAbX8\/SdijVWmtHtU\/s1600\/Screenshot%2Bfrom%2B2014-10-23%2B18%3A06%3A19.png\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003EFor more similar videos subscribe us on YouTube.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"g-ytsubscribe\" data-channel=\"learnerswings\" data-count=\"default\" data-layout=\"full\" data-onytevent=\"onYtEvent\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"width: 653px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd align=\"right\" width=\"100%\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/10\/easy-method-to-reduce-number-of-decoded_23.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ENext : Video Demonstration of Reducing the Number of Decoded Outputs of 4017 \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/1214279159503077073\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/10\/video-demonstration-of-working-of.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1214279159503077073"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1214279159503077073"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/10\/video-demonstration-of-working-of.html","title":"Video of Working of 74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017, Johnson Counter IC"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Agl1dS79oz8\/VEj2it--z7I\/AAAAAAAAbX8\/SdijVWmtHtU\/s72-c\/Screenshot%2Bfrom%2B2014-10-23%2B18%3A06%3A19.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-1542818000574267013"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-25T23:34:00.003-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:38:34.027-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"8*8 LED Matrix"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Mega"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Uno"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"LED Matrix"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Arduino Program to Increase the Brightness of LEDs in 8*8 LED Matrix"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html\"\u003E\u0026lt;\u0026lt; Read Previous Page\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; We have already seen the technique to turn on diagonal LEDs only in \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eprevious page\u003C\/a\u003E. Next is to increase the brightness of these LEDs. Circuit is the same done in \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eprevious page\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Li_H0ZMpfVg\/U_wSE2d9MjI\/AAAAAAAAWhI\/T98EDCg29mA\/s1600\/Pjpfjg1408982975.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"1300\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Li_H0ZMpfVg\/U_wSE2d9MjI\/AAAAAAAAWhI\/T98EDCg29mA\/s1600\/Pjpfjg1408982975.jpg\" width=\"652\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Beginners will plan to reduce the value of series resistance to increase the brightness because LEDs will get more current if series resistance is LOW. But it is not a good idea. This may lead to the permanent damage of LEDs due to over current. Then the best method is to make some modifications in the program. Upload this modified program to your arduino board.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_4 = 10;  \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 4th pin of LED matrix to the 10th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_7 = 11;  \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 7th pin of LED matrix to the 11th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_15 = 13; \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 15th pin of LED matrix to the 13th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_16 = 12; \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 16th pin of LED matrix to the 12th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E i=0;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;setup\u0026nbsp;routine\u0026nbsp;runs\u0026nbsp;once\u0026nbsp;when\u0026nbsp;you\u0026nbsp;press\u0026nbsp;reset:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esetup\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() {                \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ initialize the digital pin as an output.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;loop\u0026nbsp;routine\u0026nbsp;runs\u0026nbsp;over\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;over\u0026nbsp;again\u0026nbsp;forever:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eloop\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() {\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Efor\u003C\/span\u003E(i=0;i\u0026lt;10;i++)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn on 1st LED and turn off all the other LEDs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn off 1st LED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Efor\u003C\/span\u003E(i=0;i\u0026lt;10;i++)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn on 10th LED and turn off all the other LEDs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);    \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn off 10th LED \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/pre\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; If uploading is successful, brightness of the LEDs will increase. This program increases the ON time of LEDs ten times more than the OFF time. \"for\" loop executes the command to turn on LEDs ten times. But the command to turn off LEDs run only one time. Then by persistence of vision, on time will be ten times more than off time which will give a feeling to the eyes that brightness of LEDs are increased.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/easy-method-to-control-74hc595-74hct595.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ERead about the technique to reduce the number of arduino digital pins required to control LED matrix in next page.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr class=\"Apple-interchange-newline\" \/\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"width: 653px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd align=\"right\" width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/easy-method-to-control-74hc595-74hct595.html\"\u003ERead Next Page \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/1542818000574267013\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/arduino-program-to-increase-brightness.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1542818000574267013"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1542818000574267013"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/arduino-program-to-increase-brightness.html","title":"Arduino Program to Increase the Brightness of LEDs in 8*8 LED Matrix"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Li_H0ZMpfVg\/U_wSE2d9MjI\/AAAAAAAAWhI\/T98EDCg29mA\/s72-c\/Pjpfjg1408982975.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-6266902899974752253"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-25T12:01:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:38:16.005-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"8*8 LED Matrix"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Mega"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Uno"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"LED Matrix"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"8*8 LED Matrix - Pinout and Internal Circuit Diagram"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; LED matrix is an interesting electronic component that most of the electronics enthusiasts want to work with. LED matrices of many sizes are available. 8*8 LED matrix is a commonly used one. Diagram of an 8*8 LED matrix is given below. 64 LEDs will be there in an 8*8 LED matrix.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; In normal case, for 64 LEDs, 128 control pins will be there (64 positive and 64 negative pins). If the negative pins of all the LEDs are shorted, 64 positive pins will be remaining. To control each LEDs individually, voltage at the positive terminal of corresponding LED have to be controlled. Normally digital output pins of microcontrollers are used for this purpose. In such way, 64 digital output pins from microcontroller have to be used to control 64 LEDs which is practically impossible. Our next aim is to control maximum LEDs using minimum digital output pins from microcontroller. This results in the design of LED matrix.  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-Uxq3ZEsIkog\/U_iOx2cN4cI\/AAAAAAAAWfo\/0z6lqrjkT3Q\/s1600\/CDdlRm1408798304.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-Uxq3ZEsIkog\/U_iOx2cN4cI\/AAAAAAAAWfo\/0z6lqrjkT3Q\/s1600\/CDdlRm1408798304.jpg\" width=\"528\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Internal circuit of an 8*8 LED matrix is given below. From the figure, it is clear that LEDs are arranged as a matrix inside LED matrix. If LEDs are arranged as a matrix, for controlling 64 LEDs, only 16 control pins are needed of which eight pins (16, 15, 11, 3, 10, 5, 6, 13) are connected to positive terminal of LEDs\u0026nbsp;and remaining pins (4, 7, 2, 8, 12, 1, 14, 9) are connected to negative terminal of LEDs. One positive pin controls the voltage at the positive terminal of eight LEDs. Similarly, one negative pin controls the voltage at the negative terminal of eight LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-KArYnrMin8o\/U_hsQ0bpRhI\/AAAAAAAAWes\/DYni3K13DHs\/s1600\/XDRln11408789458.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-KArYnrMin8o\/U_hsQ0bpRhI\/AAAAAAAAWes\/DYni3K13DHs\/s1600\/XDRln11408789458.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Circuit to turn on the 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E LED is given below. From the diagram, it is clear that positive voltage is given to the 16\u003Csup\u003Eth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003Epin and negative voltage is given to the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E pin of LED matrix. Positive voltage will be common to all the LEDs connected to the 16\u003Csup\u003Eth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003Epin of LED matrix and negative voltage will be common to all the LEDs connected to the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix. But the only LED which gets both positive and negative voltage is the 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED. So 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED will turn on.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-UuQUZNkovdA\/U_h9bSgF2sI\/AAAAAAAAWfY\/WczLkrgzUFc\/s1600\/8FAjmf1408793882.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-UuQUZNkovdA\/U_h9bSgF2sI\/AAAAAAAAWfY\/WczLkrgzUFc\/s1600\/8FAjmf1408793882.jpg\" width=\"570\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Circuit to turn on the 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E LED is given below. From the diagram, it is clear that positive voltage is given to the 15\u003Csup\u003Eth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003Epin and negative voltage is given to the 7\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix. Positive voltage will be common to all the LEDs connected to the 15\u003Csup\u003Eth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003Epin\u0026nbsp;of LED matrix\u0026nbsp;and negative voltage will be common to all the LEDs connected to the 7\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin\u0026nbsp;of LED matrix. But the only LED which gets both positive and negative voltage is the 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED. So 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED will turn on.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-W6nF7c2J1qc\/U_h8uT7hXDI\/AAAAAAAAWfQ\/7-PZqjBA7os\/s1600\/Mb1QTm1408793648.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-W6nF7c2J1qc\/U_h8uT7hXDI\/AAAAAAAAWfQ\/7-PZqjBA7os\/s1600\/Mb1QTm1408793648.jpg\" width=\"590\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E \u003Ctd width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003Ctd align=\"right\" width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html\"\u003ERead Next Page\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/6266902899974752253\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/88-led-matrix-pinout-and-internal.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/6266902899974752253"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/6266902899974752253"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/88-led-matrix-pinout-and-internal.html","title":"8*8 LED Matrix - Pinout and Internal Circuit Diagram"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-Uxq3ZEsIkog\/U_iOx2cN4cI\/AAAAAAAAWfo\/0z6lqrjkT3Q\/s72-c\/CDdlRm1408798304.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-8408202379668835196"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-25T12:01:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:18:27.655-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"8*8 LED Matrix"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Mega"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Uno"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"LED Matrix"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Theory of Controlling Diagonal LEDs of 8*8 LED Matrix using Arduino"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/88-led-matrix-pinout-and-internal.html\"\u003E\u0026lt;\u0026lt; Read Previous Page\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-size: x-large;\"\u003ESteps to Turn on 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;and 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LEDs at a Time\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; There is no direct method to turn on 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED and 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED at a time. To turn on the 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED, positive voltage should be given to the 16\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin and negative voltage should be given to the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix. To turn on 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED, positive voltage should be given to the 15\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin and negative voltage should be given to the 7\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix. Beginners will assume that, 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED and 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LED will turn on together if positive voltage is given to 15\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin and 16\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix and negative voltage is given to the 4\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin and 7\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;pin of LED matrix. Result will not be expected one. 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E, 2\u003Csup\u003End\u003C\/sup\u003E, 9\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;and 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LEDS will turn on. Because, these four LEDs get both positive and negative voltages. But we want to turn on 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;and 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\u0026nbsp;LEDs only. This situation is pictorially explained below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--DD-NAuKaCM\/U_jSuxPK5EI\/AAAAAAAAWf4\/jsoHyFvVXpI\/s1600\/QKlcYo1408815715.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--DD-NAuKaCM\/U_jSuxPK5EI\/AAAAAAAAWf4\/jsoHyFvVXpI\/s1600\/QKlcYo1408815715.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; In such situations, a new method is used. This method works based on the theory of \"persistence of vision\"\u0026nbsp;which means an object seen by our eyes will remain in our eyes for 1\/16th portion of a second.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EAlgorithm to implement this method in LED matrix\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E1. Turn on 1st LED and turn off all the other LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E2. Turn off all the LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E3. Turn on 10th LED and turn off all the other LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E4. Turn off all the LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Continuing this process forever will give the expected output. This algorithm can be easily implemented using Arduino mega and 8*8 LED matrix. Circuit is done as given below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-oGLuvBU9scc\/U_tgLt8GEiI\/AAAAAAAAWgs\/49xWtwSN2es\/s1600\/Pjpfjg1408982975.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"1300\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-oGLuvBU9scc\/U_tgLt8GEiI\/AAAAAAAAWgs\/49xWtwSN2es\/s1600\/Pjpfjg1408982975.jpg\" width=\"652\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003ENow upload the following program to your arduino board.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_4 = 10;  \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 4th pin of LED matrix to the 10th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_7 = 11;  \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 7th pin of LED matrix to the 11th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_15 = 13; \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 15th pin of LED matrix to the 13th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eint\u003C\/span\u003E pin_16 = 12; \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/Connect 16th pin of LED matrix to the 12th pin of arduino\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;setup\u0026nbsp;routine\u0026nbsp;runs\u0026nbsp;once\u0026nbsp;when\u0026nbsp;you\u0026nbsp;press\u0026nbsp;reset:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esetup\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() {                \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ initialize the digital pin as an output.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EpinMode\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EOUTPUT\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;loop\u0026nbsp;routine\u0026nbsp;runs\u0026nbsp;over\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;over\u0026nbsp;again\u0026nbsp;forever:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eloop\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() {\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn on 1st LED and turn off all the other LEDs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn off 1st LED\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_4, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_16, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn on 10th LED and turn off all the other LEDs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);    \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Turn off 10th LED \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_7, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003EHIGH\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003EdigitalWrite\u003C\/span\u003E(pin_15, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003ELOW\u003C\/span\u003E);   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/pre\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; If uploading is successful, LED matrix will give the expected output. If the output is obtained successfully, most of the beginners will think that all the 64 LEDs can be easily controlled if the remaining output pins of LED matrix is connected to the other digital pins of arduino. But\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003Eit is not a good idea\u003C\/b\u003E, because if all the 64 LEDs were on at a time, large current will be drawn from arduino. Microcontroller get heated up which may result in permanent damage of your arduino board. Read about the technique to increase the brightness of these LEDs in next page.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr class=\"Apple-interchange-newline\" \/\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"width: 653px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003Ctd align=\"right\" width=\"50%\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"btn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/arduino-program-to-increase-brightness.html\"\u003ERead Next Page \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/8408202379668835196\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/8408202379668835196"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/8408202379668835196"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/theory-of-controlling-diagonal-leds-of.html","title":"Theory of Controlling Diagonal LEDs of 8*8 LED Matrix using Arduino"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--DD-NAuKaCM\/U_jSuxPK5EI\/AAAAAAAAWf4\/jsoHyFvVXpI\/s72-c\/QKlcYo1408815715.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-5086340888274495729"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-20T12:07:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:18:03.437-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Mega"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Arduino Uno"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"SIM900"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"SIM900-TTL GSM MODEM"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS MODEM"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"How to Connect SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS Modem to Arduino Mega?"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS modem works as a response for some AT commands given to modem. Various methods are there to give AT commands to modem. Either it can be directly given from a computer through serial port. A software interface is there to interact with modem when connected to computer. Microcontrollers can also be used. A simple method to connect microcontroller to SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS modem is using an arduino board.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Six pins of SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS modem is used for connecting to arduino board. Those pins are Vin (5V), Gnd, Vinterface, RXD and TXD. Top view of front side of SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS modem, purchased from \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.rhydolabz.com\/index.php?main_page=products_new\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Erhydolabz\u003C\/a\u003E is given below. Modem pins used for connecting to arduino is labelled in the image.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-AKRpcNtbgDY\/U_TaCUAedJI\/AAAAAAAAWKM\/WewvL1ZHRbg\/s1600\/ZDjaIy1408554037%2B(copy).jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-AKRpcNtbgDY\/U_TaCUAedJI\/AAAAAAAAWKM\/WewvL1ZHRbg\/s1600\/ZDjaIy1408554037%2B(copy).jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003ETop view of back side of same modem is given below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Rpv_bWZPea8\/U_TV4FaK_FI\/AAAAAAAAWJ8\/ZwqtT_pkXY4\/s1600\/iSa9Iv1408554355.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Rpv_bWZPea8\/U_TV4FaK_FI\/AAAAAAAAWJ8\/ZwqtT_pkXY4\/s1600\/iSa9Iv1408554355.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Circuit for connecting SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS modem to arduino mega is done as shown in the following diagram.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-vCg6jkhlchQ\/U_TbiK-qTpI\/AAAAAAAAWKU\/Hd4J5nNcINM\/s1600\/B7uCOA1407821729.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-vCg6jkhlchQ\/U_TbiK-qTpI\/AAAAAAAAWKU\/Hd4J5nNcINM\/s1600\/B7uCOA1407821729.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Vin (5V) is given from a 4.2V-12V power supply. This power supply should be capable of giving an output current of 1A. Ground of this power supply should be connected to the Gnd pin of modem next to the Vin (5V) pin. Vinterface pin of modem is connected to the 5V pin of arduino. RXD pin of modem is connected to the TX0 pin of arduino. TXD pin of modem is connected to the RX0 pin of arduino. Gnd pin next to the RXD pin of modem is connected to the Gnd pin of arduino. If the circuit is completed, upload the following program to your arduino board.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Esetup\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() \u003Cbr \/\u003E{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Ebegin\u003C\/span\u003E(2400);\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Ewrite\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003E\"AT+CMGF=1\\r\"\u003C\/span\u003E); \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Set GSM to text mode\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Edelay\u003C\/span\u003E(1500);\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Ewrite\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan style=\"color: #006699;\"\u003E\"+++\"\u003C\/span\u003E);         \u003Cspan style=\"color: #7e7e7e;\"\u003E\/\/ Test Command\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Edelay\u003C\/span\u003E(1000);\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Ewhile\u003C\/span\u003E(1)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eif\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eavailable\u003C\/span\u003E())\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Ewrite\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESerial\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Eread\u003C\/span\u003E());  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;}\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;}\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003Evoid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc6600;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eloop\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E() \u003Cbr \/\u003E{\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/pre\u003E\u003Chr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; '+++' is the test command. If the circuit is correct, modem will reply 'OK'. This can be seen in serial monitor. Don't forget to change the baud rate to 2400 in serial monitor. Screenshot of serial monitor is given below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-o9v2bX3VUd0\/U_TjSwOefOI\/AAAAAAAAWKk\/mNCn9reAmMc\/s1600\/Screenshot%2Bfrom%2B2014-08-20%2B21%3A05%3A49.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-o9v2bX3VUd0\/U_TjSwOefOI\/AAAAAAAAWKk\/mNCn9reAmMc\/s1600\/Screenshot%2Bfrom%2B2014-08-20%2B21%3A05%3A49.png\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/5086340888274495729\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/how-to-connect-sim900-ttl-gsmgprs-modem.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/5086340888274495729"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/5086340888274495729"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/how-to-connect-sim900-ttl-gsmgprs-modem.html","title":"How to Connect SIM900-TTL GSM\/GPRS Modem to Arduino Mega?"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-AKRpcNtbgDY\/U_TaCUAedJI\/AAAAAAAAWKM\/WewvL1ZHRbg\/s72-c\/ZDjaIy1408554037%2B(copy).jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-9159997010919540922"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-11T01:54:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:12:49.990-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"555"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Astable Multivibrator"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Digital Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Johnson Counter"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Animated Demonstration of Johnson Counter using 555 Timer and 4017 "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Ol6LljWrbrg\/U-hpQvNzQBI\/AAAAAAAAVnQ\/Vzr4zbvYZeE\/s1600\/myimage.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Ol6LljWrbrg\/U-hpQvNzQBI\/AAAAAAAAVnQ\/Vzr4zbvYZeE\/s1600\/myimage.gif\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"border: none; color: blue; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;\"\u003EImportant : If there is any difficulty in the working of circuit, reduce the value of R2 and try the circuit again. Reduce the value in steps ( 1 MOhm, 10 KOhm, 1 Kohm, 0 Ohm ).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;We had already seen the basics of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eworking of 555 in astable mode\u003C\/a\u003E and the basics of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-presentation-of-working-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eworking of 4017 Johnson counter IC\u003C\/a\u003E. Before starting these tutorial, you must be aware about the basics of \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E555 in astable mode\u003C\/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-presentation-of-working-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E4017 johnson counter\u003C\/a\u003E. Here we will design a johnson counter, in which the clock pulse is given from a 555 astable multivibrator. Circuit is done as shown in the following diagram. 5V is given from a \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/07\/5v-fixed-output-voltage-regulator-using.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E5V regulator\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--JEgXfbS2m0\/U-hxtDw49SI\/AAAAAAAAVng\/O-_itnWpfxk\/s1600\/e.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--JEgXfbS2m0\/U-hxtDw49SI\/AAAAAAAAVng\/O-_itnWpfxk\/s1600\/e.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb style=\"background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"border: none; color: blue; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;\"\u003EImportant : If there is any difficulty in the working of circuit, reduce the value of R2 and try the circuit again. Reduce the value in steps ( 1 MOhm, 10 KOhm, 1 Kohm, 0 Ohm ).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPinout diagram of 555\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-nlWpyqWL4Zk\/U-h3baTDWiI\/AAAAAAAAVnw\/OEigN7pquUA\/s1600\/555.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-nlWpyqWL4Zk\/U-h3baTDWiI\/AAAAAAAAVnw\/OEigN7pquUA\/s1600\/555.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPinout diagram of 74HC4017 \/ 74HCT4017\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-34DB4yrtR9M\/U-h4CRwQFyI\/AAAAAAAAVn4\/0ZzbxzGAFW8\/s1600\/hXNV7H1407210373.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-34DB4yrtR9M\/U-h4CRwQFyI\/AAAAAAAAVn4\/0ZzbxzGAFW8\/s1600\/hXNV7H1407210373.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; From the 555 circuit, we get a continuos stream of square wave of predetermined frequency. Frequency of the square wave depends on the values of R1, R2 and C1. By varying the values of R1, R2 and C1, square wave of desired frequency can be generated and is clearly explained in the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eworking of 555 in astable mode.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Generated square wave is obtained from the OUT pin ( pin 3 ) of 555 and is given as clock pulse to the CP0 ( pin 14 ) of 4017. From the \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-presentation-of-working-of.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ebasics of 4017\u003C\/a\u003E, we had seen that, if clock pulse is given to CP0, counter will count during the positive transition of clock pulse.That is, when clock pulse goes from LOW to HIGH, counter will increment count.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003ECalculation of Frequency of Generated Pulses\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFrequency of the rectangular pulses generated depends on the values of R1, R2 and C1.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EFrequency, F = 1 \/ ( ln( 2 ) . C1 . ( R1+2R2 )\u0026nbsp;)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ET\u003Csub\u003Eon\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; = \u0026nbsp;ln( 2 ) . C1 . ( R1\u0026nbsp;+ R2 )\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ET\u003Csub\u003Eoff\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; = \u0026nbsp;ln( 2 ) . C1 . R2\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; C1- Capacitance in Farad, R1 and R2 - Resistance in Ohms, F - Frequency in Hertz, T\u003Csub\u003Eon\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;- Time for which output will be HIGH ( LED will be ON ), T\u003Csub\u003Eoff\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;- Time for which output will be LOW ( LED will be OFF )\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 and S2 are OFF\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOnly one capacitor will be included in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 nano Farad = 0.01 micro Farad = 0.01 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 4.81 Hz, Ton = 0.1386 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.0693 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 is ON and S2 is OFF\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETwo capacitors will be in parallel in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 +\u0026nbsp;10 nano Farad = 20 nano Farad = 0.02 micro Farad = 0.02 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 2.405 Hz, Ton = 0.2772 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.1386 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 and S2 are ON\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThree capacitors will be in parallel in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 +\u0026nbsp;10\u0026nbsp;+\u0026nbsp;10 nano Farad = 30 nano Farad = 0.03 micro Farad = 0.03 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 1.603 Hz, Ton = 0.4158 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.2079 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; From the calculations, we can conclude that, when the value of capacitance increases, output frequency and hence speed of running LEDs decreases as shown in the animated image.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/9159997010919540922\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-demonstration-of-johnson.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/9159997010919540922"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/9159997010919540922"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/animated-demonstration-of-johnson.html","title":"Animated Demonstration of Johnson Counter using 555 Timer and 4017 "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Ol6LljWrbrg\/U-hpQvNzQBI\/AAAAAAAAVnQ\/Vzr4zbvYZeE\/s72-c\/myimage.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-498099331949255354"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-08T13:16:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:12:17.156-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"555"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Bistable Multivibrator"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Digital Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"IC"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Beautiful Animated Demonstration of Bistable Operation of 555 Timer"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-pj_e15nIyW4\/U-Ub0mqG4lI\/AAAAAAAAVmg\/88toDfTqyqQ\/s1600\/myimage.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-pj_e15nIyW4\/U-Ub0mqG4lI\/AAAAAAAAVmg\/88toDfTqyqQ\/s1600\/myimage.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-pj_e15nIyW4\/U-Ub0mqG4lI\/AAAAAAAAVmg\/88toDfTqyqQ\/s1600\/myimage.gif\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; We had already seen the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eastable mode operation of 555\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;in my \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/beautiful-running-led-animated-demo.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eprevious blog\u003C\/a\u003E. Here, we will design a circuit for bistable operation of 555. Bistable operation of 555 is more simpler than astable operation. In bistable operation, output pin ( pin 3 ) will become HIGH, if the TRIG pin ( pin 2 )\u0026nbsp;is at LOW voltage. Similarly, output pin ( pin 3 )\u0026nbsp;will become LOW, if the RESET pin ( pin 4 ) is at LOW voltage. If both pins are at LOW voltage, higher priority will be for RESET pin ( pin 4 ) and output pin ( pin 3 )\u0026nbsp;will remain LOW.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Pull down resistors ( R1 and R2 ) and push button switches ( S1 and S2 ) are used to control the input voltage levels of TRIG pin ( pin 2 ) and RESET pin\u0026nbsp;( pin 4 ). R1 and R2 are the pull down resistors connected to RESET pin ( pin 4 ) and TRIG pin ( pin 2 ) respectively. S1 and S2 controlls the voltage levels at RESET and TRIG pins.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Output pin ( pin 3 ) is connected to an LED through a current limiting resistor. DIS pin ( pin 7 ) is left disconnected. THR pin ( pin 6 ) is grounded. A small capacitor is connected across CTRL pin ( pin 5 ) and ground. 5V is normally supplied from a \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/07\/5v-fixed-output-voltage-regulator-using.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E5V regulator\u003C\/a\u003E. Pin out diagram of 555 is given below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-PykDZXcrzAE\/U-UoMkXlrPI\/AAAAAAAAVmw\/NFCNPW74KTA\/s1600\/555.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-PykDZXcrzAE\/U-UoMkXlrPI\/AAAAAAAAVmw\/NFCNPW74KTA\/s1600\/555.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003EWorking of Circuit\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; S1 and S2 are OFF by default. When S2 is pressed, S2 turns on and TRIG get grounded. When TRIG get a low voltage, output will shift from LOW voltage to HIGH voltage. This will turn on the LED. When press is released, S2 will turn off . But the output will remain HIGH and LED will remain in the ON state. Now, press S1. This will turn on S1 and RESET pin get grounded. A LOW at RESET pin will result in LOW voltage at OUTPUT. This will turn off the LED. LED will remain in the OFF position, even if the press is released. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Pull up resistor is very important in this circuit. If pull up resistor is not connected, when any of the switch is pressed, power supply get shorted through the switch. High current will flow through the circuit due to low resistance of the path. This may damage the power supply.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/498099331949255354\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/beautiful-animated-demonstration-of.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/498099331949255354"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/498099331949255354"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/beautiful-animated-demonstration-of.html","title":"Beautiful Animated Demonstration of Bistable Operation of 555 Timer"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-pj_e15nIyW4\/U-Ub0mqG4lI\/AAAAAAAAVmg\/88toDfTqyqQ\/s72-c\/myimage.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6452105337873332232.post-1570767490517727189"},"published":{"$t":"2014-08-08T02:49:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-15T20:12:03.538-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"555"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Analog Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Astable Multivibrator"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Basic Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Digital Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Electronics"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"IC"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Running LED Circuit"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Beautiful Running LED Animated Demo : Circuit using 555 in Astable Mode"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-yq3C_O78PtA\/U-SEgBzLe3I\/AAAAAAAAVmE\/c_tc-bUa5Xs\/s1600\/output_gqPrgn.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-yq3C_O78PtA\/U-SEgBzLe3I\/AAAAAAAAVmE\/c_tc-bUa5Xs\/s1600\/output_gqPrgn.gif\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003EImportant : If there is any difficulty in the working of circuit, reduce the value of R2 and try the circuit again. Reduce the value in steps ( 1 MOhm, 10 KOhm, 1 Kohm, 0 Ohm ).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Running LEDs is an interesting project for all beginners in electronics. A lot of methods are there to create a running LEDs. Same can achieved at desired speed by an astable multivibrator designed using 555 timer. We have already seen an\u0026nbsp;Amazing\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EAnimation of Astable Mode Operation of 555 Timer with Circuit Diagram\u003C\/a\u003E. It is better to read\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ethat blog\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;to get a clear idea about the working of 555 in astable mode before starting this blog. Circuit is done as shown in the circuit given below.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qQgphNLdWDo\/U-SGpm6sdpI\/AAAAAAAAVmQ\/z1csAfO4was\/s1600\/N.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qQgphNLdWDo\/U-SGpm6sdpI\/AAAAAAAAVmQ\/z1csAfO4was\/s1600\/N.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003EImportant : If there is any difficulty in the working of circuit, reduce the value of R2 and try the circuit again. Reduce the value in steps ( 1 MOhm, 10 KOhm, 1 Kohm, 0 Ohm ).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; We have already seen the working of 555 in astable mode from\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EAmazing Animation of Astable Mode Operation of 555 Timer with Circuit Diagram\u003C\/a\u003E. Same principle is used here. Only difference is in the mode of connection of LEDs to the output pin ( pin 3 ) of 555.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; In the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/amazing-animation-of-astable-mode.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eprevious blog\u003C\/a\u003E,\u0026nbsp;we used an LED to take the output. But in this circuit, we are using a series of LEDs. Alternate LEDs are anode and cathode controlled as shown in the circuit diagram. In anode controlled LEDs, cathode is connected to ground. Similarly, in cathode controlled LEDs, anode is connected to VCC. When the output voltage is HIGH, anode controlled LEDs will turn on and cathode controlled LEDs will turn off. When the output is LOW, anode controlled LEDs will turn off and cathode controlled LEDs will turn on. Frequency of the output pulse and hence the speed of running LEDs depends on the values of R1, R2 and C1. A capacitor bank is connected in between TRIG pin ( pin 2 ) and ground to change the value of C1 and hence the speed of running LEDs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Capacitor bank has three 10nF capacitors connected in parallel. Two of these capacitors are controlled by two push button switches ( S1 and S2 ). When both switches are off, only one capacitor will be in circuit. Then C1 = 10nF. If S1 is pressed, one more capacitor will be included in the circuit. Then two 10nF capacitors will be in parallel. Net capacitance will be 20nF. If S2 is also pressed, other capacitor also get included in the circuit. Then three 10nF capacitors will come in parallel and the net capacitance will be 30nF.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFrequency of the rectangular pulses generated depends on the values of R1, R2 and C1.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EFrequency, F = 1 \/ ( ln( 2 ) . C1 . ( R1+2R2 )\u0026nbsp;)\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ET\u003Csub\u003Eon\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; = \u0026nbsp;ln( 2 ) . C1 . ( R1\u0026nbsp;+ R2 )\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ET\u003Csub\u003Eoff\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; = \u0026nbsp;ln( 2 ) . C1 . R2\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; C1- Capacitance in Farad, R1 and R2 - Resistance in Ohms, F - Frequency in Hertz, T\u003Csub\u003Eon\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;- Time for which output will be HIGH ( LED will be ON ), T\u003Csub\u003Eoff\u003C\/sub\u003E\u0026nbsp;- Time for which output will be LOW ( LED will be OFF )\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 and S2 are OFF\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOnly one capacitor will be included in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 nano Farad = 0.01 micro Farad = 0.01 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 4.81 Hz, Ton = 0.1386 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.0693 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 is ON and S2 is OFF\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETwo capacitors will be in parallel in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 +\u0026nbsp;10 nano Farad = 20 nano Farad = 0.02 micro Farad = 0.02 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 2.405 Hz, Ton = 0.2772 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.1386 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: large;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhen S1 and S2 are ON\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThree capacitors will be in parallel in the circuit. Then\u003Cbr \/\u003EC1 = 10 +\u0026nbsp;10\u0026nbsp;+\u0026nbsp;10 nano Farad = 30 nano Farad = 0.03 micro Farad = 0.03 * 10\u003Csup\u003E-6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EFarad\u003Cbr \/\u003ER1 = R2 = 10 Mega Ohm = 10 * 10\u003Csup\u003E6 \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sup\u003EOhm\u003Cbr \/\u003Eln ( 2 ) = 0.693\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESubstituting these values in the equations, we get\u003Cbr \/\u003EF = 1.603 Hz, Ton = 0.4158 S, Toff = \u0026nbsp;0.2079 S\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; From the calculations, we can conclude that, when the value of capacitance increases, output frequency and hence speed of running LEDs decreases as shown in the animated image.\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/feeds\/1570767490517727189\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/beautiful-running-led-animated-demo.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1570767490517727189"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/6452105337873332232\/posts\/default\/1570767490517727189"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/2014\/08\/beautiful-running-led-animated-demo.html","title":"Beautiful Running LED Animated Demo : Circuit using 555 in Astable Mode"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"realfinetime"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/10464280231816201372"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-yq3C_O78PtA\/U-SEgBzLe3I\/AAAAAAAAVmE\/c_tc-bUa5Xs\/s72-c\/output_gqPrgn.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}}]}});